As summer temperatures continue to soar across southern Oklahoma and the rest of the country, local health officials are warning residents about the dangers of heat-related illnesses, specifically, heat exhaustion and heat stroke. These conditions are more than just discomforts of a hot day; they are medical emergencies that canresultinlong-termhealth consequences or even death if not addressed quickly. Heatrelated illnesses occur when the body is unable to cool itself effectively, typically due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures, physical exertion or both, especially in humid conditions. Heat exhaustion is the body’s initial response to overheating. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), symptoms include heavy sweating, weakness or fatigue, dizziness or confusion, nausea or vomiting, cool, pale, clammy skin, fast, weak pulse, muscle cramps, headache and in some cases, fainting. Dr. Lisa Benton of the Legacy Medical Center in Madill said that people should heed their body’s warnings when it comes to heat exhaustion.
“Heat exhaustion should be taken seriously,” Dr. Benton said “It’s a signal that your body is struggling to regulate its temperature. If left untreated, it can progress to heat stroke, which is lifethreatening.”
Heat stroke is the most severe form of heat-related illness. It occurs when the bodytemperaturerisesabove 103°F and the body’s natural cooling mechanisms fail.
Symptoms of heat stroke include high body temperature, hot, red, dry or damp skin, rapid and strong pulse, loss of consciousness, confusion or slurred speech and even seizures.
“Once someone stops sweating, or if they become disoriented or collapse, you’re likely dealing with heat stroke,” Benton explained. “Call 911 immediately and do everything you can to cool the person down while waiting for emergency services.”
While anyone can suffer from heat-related illnesses, certain groups are more vulnerable such as older adults, infants and young children, people with chronic illnesses, such as heart disease or diabetes. Avoiding heat exhaustion and heat stroke requires a proactive approach, especially during the peak summer months of June through August.
LocalEMTsandemergency rooms report that many heat-related cases could have been prevented with a few simple precautions. Drink water consistently throughout the day, even if one doesn't feel thirsty. Avoid alcohol and caffeine, which can dehydrate the body and be sure to wear lightweight, loose-fitting, and light-colored clothing.
Hats and sunglasses also help reduce sun exposure. Avoid strenuous activity during the hottest parts of the day, typically between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
For anybody who must be outside, take frequent breaks in the shade or in an air-conditioned space. For the ones who work outside or are starting a new fitness routine, gradually increase time in the heat to allow the body to adjust. Early recognition is key.
If anyone begins showing symptoms of heat exhaustion, act immediately and move to a cooler area, loosen clothing, sip water and apply cool compresses. Be sure to check on elderly neighbors, those without air conditioning, and pets are particularly at risk. Regularly check on them during heat waves.
Marshall County Emergency Services and the local Red Cross chapter have begun distributing educational materials on heat illness prevention and have set up designated cooling centers in Madill, Kingston and Oakland. These centers offer free water, air conditioning, and a safe space for vulnerable populations during heat advisories. Tom Garcia, an emergency responder who has worked in the county for over 15 years, said it is imperative to take the signs of heat exhaustion seriously. “Each summer, we see a spike in ER visits that could have been prevented,” said Garcia “We’re asking folks to treat this seriously, heat kills more people each year in the U.S. than hurricanes, tornadoes and floods combined.”
Heat exhaustion and heat stroke are preventable. As Oklahoma faces increasingly hotter summers, public awareness and preparation are vital. Stay cool, stay hydrated and look out for one another.
The summer sun may be relentless, but with knowledge and care, it doesn’t have to be dangerous. For anybody showing signs of heat stroke, call 911 immediately. While waiting for emergency responders move the person to a cooler location, apply ice packs or cold, wet cloths to thebodyanddonotgivethem fluids if they are unconscious or confused.