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Kerley
So, what is the point? That is the ultimate question, right? The ultimate worldview question: what is the point? Ultimately, there must be a point to it all, rather than not. We humans possess the attributes that we do for somereason. Consider, the human attributes that have nothing to do with “survival of the fittest,” like the human soul and all that it entails. For example, the exclusively human capacity to think abstract thoughts; especially abstract thoughts about a God that no one can directly see or hear. Even so, there is a strong argument to be made that a great Being of which one greater cannot be conceived, exists necessarily. Let me explain.
The ontological argument for the existence of God was first put forward by Anselm of Canterbury in 1078. Anselm defined God as “a being than which no greater can be conceived.” He further argued that even the nonbeliever like our Bible skeptic Michael canconceiveofsuchamaximallygreat being. And because such a being must exist in the mind, it must also exist in reality because if this Being only exists in mind and not in reality as well, then, a greater Being (one who does exist in the mind and in reality) must be possible. Because of this, this greatest possible Being must exist necessarily in reality. Such are called ontological arguments.
Through the centuries ontological arguments have been modified and improveduponbysuchnotablefigures as Descartes, and Leibnitz. Today, Christian Alvin Plantinga has offered yet another modification to the argument. Plantinga’s formulation can be generally stated this way: 1. God is, by definition, a Being greater than which nothing can be conceived.
2. It is greater to exist in reality than to exist only in the mind.
3. Therefore, God must exist in reality. If he did not, he would not be the greatest being possible.
There is no argument concerning number one, even the Bible skeptic Michael must agree with that. Number two, however, is questioned, and the concern is this: is it truly greater to exist than to not exist? The 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant was not so sure. But one of the weakness the ontological argument suffers from is that it is dependent upon the assumption that “something exits.” It is for this reason that the ontological argument is not a useful argument from which to begin arguing for the existence of God.
First, the ontological argument, as a starting point, ends up being what philosophers call “question begging,” or, “a circular argument.” Paul Edwards defines a circular argument as “when one proposition is defended by reference to another, and the second is defended by reference to the first.” That is what it is called arguing in a circle.
Second, and closely related, the ontological argument presupposes what Michael the Bible skeptic categorically denies—theexistenceofthe GodoftheismasrevealedinScripture. Third, the ontological argument is flawedasastartingargumentbecause it requires “something to exist” to be true. Once it is established that something exists, then it is logical that a necessary God exists.
However,theweaknessoftheontological argument points to the beauty of what we have been attempting in this column: to present a cumulative case argument for the existence of God that builds layer upon layer of evidence. As such, and at this point in the cumulative case argument, we have already established that something indeed exists based upon the evidence from the cosmos, irreducible complexity, and intelligent design. And if something exists, it is highly reasonable to conclude that such a maximally great Being exists as well. For this reason, the statement that “something exists, therefore God exists,” is not an unreasonable proposition, but naturally flows from the logic, and from concrete evidence observed and deduced from “the things that have been made” (Rom. 1:19ff) and have been presented to this point.
No doubt, it is a deep, and complex question: is God dead? Complex questions sometime require more than simple answers. Sometime complex questions require a cumulative-type approach not so much unlike a lawyer who presents layer upon layers of cumulative evidence to a jury. At this point in our “case” much has been presented,somuchsothatasummary of where we are is in order. Join us next week as we offer a brief summary of not only the evidence we have considered to this point, but also some very important preliminary conclusions about what that evidence tells us. Until then remember, whether we realize it or not, all of us live as if we have answered the question: is God dead? What is your answer is?
Gloria in excelsis Deo!
Ty B. Kerley, DMin., is an ordained minister who teaches Christian apologetics, and relief preaches in Southern Oklahoma. Dr. Kerley and his wife Vicki are members of the Waurika church of Christ, and live in Ardmore. You can contact him at: dr.kerley@isGoddead.com.